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1 framework construction method
framework construction method Fachwerkbauart fEnglish-German dictionary of Architecture and Construction > framework construction method
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2 frame
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3 Jenney, William Le Baron
[br]b. 25 September 1832 Fairhaven, Massachusetts, USAd. 15 June 1907 Los Angeles, California, USA[br]American architect and engineer who pioneered a method of steel-framed construction that made the skyscraper possible.[br]Jenney's Home Insurance Building in Chicago was completed in 1885 but demolished in 1931. It was the first building to rise above ten to twelve storeys and was possible because it did not require immensely thick walls on the lower storeys to carry the weight above. Using square-sectioned cast-iron wall piers, hollow cylindrical cast-iron columns on the interior and, across these, steel and cast-iron beams and girders, Jenney produced a load-bearing metal framework independent of the curtain walling. Beams and girders were united by ties as well as being bolted to the vertical members, so providing a strong framework to take the building load. Jenney went on to build in Chicago the Second Leiter Building (1889–91) and, in 1891, the Manhattan Building. He played a considerable part in the planning of the 1893 Chicago World's Fair. Jenney is accepted as having been the founder of the Chicago school of architecture, and he trained many of the later noted architects and builders of the city, such as William Holabird, Martin Roche and Louis Sullivan.[br]Further ReadingA.Woltersdorf, 1924, "The father of the skeleton frame building", Western Architecture 33.F.A.Randall, 1949, History of the Development of Building Construction in Chicago, Urbana: University of Illinois Press.C.Condit, 1964, The Chicago School of Architecture: A History of Commercial and Public Building in the Chicago Area 1875–1925, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.DYBiographical history of technology > Jenney, William Le Baron
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4 legal
1) законна дія2) законний, легальний; заснований на законі; заснований на загальному праві, який регулюється загальним правом; легітимний; правовий; правознавчий; правомірний; правосудний; судовий; узаконений; юридичний•legal and administrative machinery for family support — правові і адміністративні заходи підтримки сім'ї
legal gap in protection afforded — прогалина у правовому захисті, що надається
- legal abortionlegal power to correct legal errors — надане законом право виправляти юридичні ( або судові) помилки
- legal abuse
- legal access
- legal accountability
- legal acquisition
- legal act
- legal action
- legal activities
- legal activities activity
- legal acts
- legal address
- legal administration
- legal advertisement
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- legal age
- legal agency
- legal agent
- legal aid
- legal aid agency
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- legal aid order
- legal alien
- legal analogy
- legal analysis
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- legal assignment
- legal assistance
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- legal autonomy
- legal awareness
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- legal barrier
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- legal cause
- legal certainty
- legal challenge
- legal changes
- legal charge
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- legal cheque
- legal circumstance
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- legal claim
- legal closing time
- legal code
- legal coercion
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- legal concept
- legal condition
- legal confinement
- legal conflict
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- legal consideration
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- legal continuity
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- legal costs
- legal councilor
- legal councillor
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- legal crackdown
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- legal defect
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- legal deontology
- legal department
- legal dependence
- legal deposit copy
- legal deposit library
- legal descent
- legal details
- legal detention
- legal device
- legal difference
- legal disability
- legal disadvantage
- legal discretion
- legal discrimination
- legal dispute
- legal doctrine
- legal document
- legal documentation
- legal drinking
- legal drinking age
- legal drinking limit
- legal drug
- legal duty
- legal duty
- legal eagle
- legal eavesdropping
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- legal enforcement procedure
- legal entity under public law
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- legal equality
- legal equality of the sexes
- legal error
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- legal excuse
- legal execution
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- legal exemption
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- legal expenses insurance
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- legal fact
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- legal insanity
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- legal interest rate
- legal interpretation
- legal investigation
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- legal irregularity
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- legal judgement
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- legal jurisdiction
- legal justice
- legal justification
- legal killer
- legal killing
- legal knowledge
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- legal liability
- legal lien
- legal limit
- legal limitation
- legal literature
- legal loophole
- legal lynching
- legal malice
- legal malpractice
- legal manufacture
- legal marriage
- legal matter
- legal maxim
- legal means
- legal means of social control
- legal measure
- legal mechanism
- legal medicine
- legal methodology
- legal minimum age of marriage
- legal minimum wage rate
- legal minimum wage rates
- legal minor
- legal monopoly
- legal monument
- legal mortgage
- legal mother
- legal name
- legal nationality
- legal negligence
- legal nihilism
- legal nomenclature
- legal norm
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- legal obligation
- legal observation method
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- legal obstruction
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- legal permission
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- legal philosopher
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- legal picketing
- legal platform
- legal play
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- legal position
- legal positivism
- legal positivist
- legal possession
- legal power
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- legal practitician
- legal practitioner
- legal precept
- legal predecessor
- legal prerequisite
- legal presumption
- legal presumption of death
- legal principle
- legal privilege
- legal problem
- legal procedure
- legal procedure publicity
- legal procedures
- legal proceeding
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- legal process
- legal profession
- legal profession member
- legal professional
- legal professional privilege
- legal prohibition
- legal proposition
- legal propriety
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- legal protectee
- legal protection
- legal protection of software
- legal provision
- legal psychiatry
- legal purism
- legal purist
- legal qualification
- legal question
- legal rationale
- legal realism
- legal reality
- legal reasoning
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- legal reference
- legal reform
- legal reformer
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- legal rehabilitation
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- legal relations
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- legal relative
- legal relativism
- legal relevance
- legal relief
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- legal resolution
- legal restraint
- legal restriction
- legal right-enforcing
- legal right
- legal rights
- legal risk
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- legal sanction
- legal scholar
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- legal separation
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- legal step
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- legal strike
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- legal tender
- legal tender note
- legal term
- legal termination
- legal termination of marriage
- legal territory
- legal test
- legal text
- legal theorist
- legal theory
- legal thinker
- legal thinking
- legal thought
- legal title
- legal tool
- legal topic
- legal tradition
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- legal transaction
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- legal trial
- legal ubiquity
- legal uncertainty
- legal unit
- legal usage
- legal vacuum
- legal validity
- legal venue
- legal view
- legal viewpoint
- legal violence
- legal volition
- legal voter
- legal waiver
- legal wife
- legal wiretap
- legal wiretapping
- legal wording
- legal work
- legal writer
- legal writing
- legal wrong
- legal year -
5 pattern
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